Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. Who was it supposed to help? Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. WebWhat is Reconstruction? The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Much of the South lay in ruins with Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. The speeches backfired. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. WebList the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? pF{:RTV Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. Who had been his early political supporters? After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Did it accomplish anything? In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? D 7. 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Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. Question 11 30 seconds Q. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. Think about the italicized questions Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. 0 The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Senators? dzB;. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. No. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. Which plan was the hardest on the South? The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Reconstruction in Practice. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? they wre industrialists and bankers. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? endstream endobj startxref Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. #;ou20/. The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. What happened to white small farmers during this time? Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in In the Senate? Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. Fear of black rule. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. They gave land to the railroads. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. He antagonized the northern voters. There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. The Radical. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. By allowing the former Confederates to reenter the political arena, Republicans faced an uphill battle against the surge in Democratic support and voter-suppression tactics aimed at Republicans and African Americans. was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. blacks could vote and hold office. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. %%EOF What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. they became caught up in debt. 132 0 obj <>stream ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream gave blacks equal access to public accommodations Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. endstream endobj startxref 75RockiCr ? These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. Who did the states and congress give free land to? the redeemers. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. Also, this page requires javascript. You have not finished your quiz. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. Please wait while the activity loads. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. Alexander Stephens. no, although many blacks stopped participating. %PDF-1.5 % CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. CAm? This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? What happened to black Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America.
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