Specifications can be prepared in a What does it mean when software conforms to a standard or specification? 0000007908 00000 n Operational teams view quality in terms of conformance to specifications. While actual testing (1st or 3rd party testing) and certification (branding) can be carried out by various organizations, it is essential that there be a centralized sponsor or owner of the conformance testing program. These assertions are statements of functionality or behavior derived from the standard, and which are true for conforming implementations. should be put on notice that the criteria used to define Design Work that matches a design. Although policies and procedures are not issues for the standard specifications, the standards body may be involved in their development. This is a document, parallel to but distinct from the official specifications, that contains a list of recognized extensions to the standard. Such an implementation provides a proof of concept of the standard and also provides a tool for the developers of the conformance test suite (by generating expected values, testing the test suite, etc.) This free eBook shows importers who are new to outsourcing production to China or Vietnam the five key foundations of a proven Quality Assurance strategy, and also shows you some common traps that importers fall intoandhow to avoid or overcome them in order to get the best possible production results. The sponsor has a fundamental interest in ensuring the success of the program. Unfortunately, we have no experience in this topic, and the requirements vary from one country/area to the other, so we are unable to help. Certain countries request a CoC for certain categories of imported products. both product and price competition requires that specifications DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS: Design specification. j.h8 7. DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although In this example, while the mattresses were not required to be tested by a third party laboratory, the mattress manufacturer voluntarily chose to do so and must provide the information about that laboratory. The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. Does a KitchenAid have a juicer attachment? Does it come from a particularly influential stake-holder? It's important to have several calls/meetings with the requesting department to get more clarity about their needs, ask them to get piece of paper and write on it what they need whatever they can write! Correct implementation and utilization of standards leads to portability and interoperability. 0000002964 00000 n Request for Proposals and purchase agreements commonly require conformance to these standards. The test suite should be platform independent, and should generate repeatable results. a. Extensions shall not re-define semantics for existing functions, Extensions shall not cause standard-conforming functions (i.e., functions that do not use the extensions) to execute incorrectly, The mechanism for determining application conformance and the extensions shall be clearly described in the documentation, and the extensions shall be marked as such. award at the lowest possible cost. The procedures should also contain information on what must be done operationally when failures occur. Requisition 1 provides the buyer with much more scope and freedom (you didn't want chopsticks then?). contracting for buildings, highways, and other public works, and manufacturers' names, brand names and model numbers, but it is Some may require that committees test the 0000009860 00000 n On the other hand, the policy might be that a certificate is issued (or a claim of conformance is made) only if no errors are found. %PDF-1.3 % Generically, a conformance test suite is a collection of combinations of legal and illegal inputs to the implementation being tested, together with a corresponding collection of "expected results." Speaking generally, one is the specification that Specifications often used to be one of the last items written before a package was issued for tender, but this has changed over time. We are not lawyers. 6 What makes a good specification in procurement? Procurement is responsible for final editing of Also, what is the difference between conformance specification and performance specification? Reference method tests and PEMS drift tests are conducted to determine conformance of the PEMS with the specification. requirements of the item being purchased. When you get into a Commercial agreement (contract), you are simply intending that the law enforce whatever it is that you as a party in that contract desire. Requisition 2 enables the buyer to go and research the market and benchmark against specific needs and where He/She can, achieve a cost reduction against the specification without delivering something that may not be fit for purpose. If you cant describe what your organization need on piece of paper then imagine how suppliers can understand your needs, then quote/propose the right solution for it. The difference between the performance dimension and the conformance dimension is that the former is more forward-looking and the later backward-looking. Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines When BioPreferred and CPG are both required, the agency shall purchase the item that meets the CPG requirements (per FAR 23.405 Procedures (c) and Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, Section 9002 (b)). FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906) again states that the SDoC is: a procedure that requires the party responsible for compliance ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards. Elements that should typically be included in a CoC are: On the US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) website, one can find several samples of CoCs. Conformance tests are meant to provide the users of conforming products some assurance or confidence that the product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or has an interface or format that is known. If the criteria or requirements for conformance are not specified, there can be no conformance testing. The CoC can either be requested by a buyer to ensure the product being manufactured has been tested and passes the set criteria within a specification and meets both technical and safety requirements,or it would be a mandatory requirement as stated by country regulations and law for certain products, such as Bluetooth devices being sold in the USA. Java and all Java based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries. My company Sofeast, can probably help you. met to be considered responsive. 3. brand-name-or-equal specification cites one or more brand-names, Sensor installation and measurement location specifications, performance and equipment specifications, test procedures, and data reduction procedures are included in this specification. 0000066307 00000 n In this case, most of the technical proposals you will receive more or less will be the same & any technical proposal which is not matching above specs won't be accepted for you Acceptance/rejection of such product will be according to requested details, whether it works in your system or not material should be approved in case it conforms to the specs you have requested, even if it doesnt perform in your supply chain setup. According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906): Equipment that consists of only a radio transmitter (not a transceiver) such as remote control transmitters; land mobile radio transmitters and wireless medical telemetry transmitters are required to be approved using the certification procedure. Lock HR{HSa?wf^MiIZ\B!bEjs:\EJ3SQ%I*Zo;:{w0?|kD (.~]g+%kBBbk3d,bs|+7ED{Z*fsfhZm$C'5F)_bhz^q{0R+}#mzG"SSjod-I3?|4iLsmm:#M)wwDs9$hqm,L11]&]Nowi:&J5"PL%.'zBp\J_wdXjh#}>ZuP3YW6. Early stage specifications can be seen as part of the review with the customer (internal or external) about what they are looking to achieve on the project. 0000045027 00000 n by vendors to add products to the QPL. Some standards have subsequent documentation for the test methodology and assertions to be tested. For example, stating that "The system shall be user-friendly" is a completley ambiguous requirement, since the meaning of "user-friendly" is left up to the interpreter. specifications may not be unduly restrictive. specification, having been used historically in public `d 0@90@AA= .5@2:6: 12@7 KK;+MD 4p$? k9S:>P("hb YUE#5K>,46SCL- For example, Apple maintains a page about EU compliance, and here is one of their DoCs. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Centroidal Area. The developers might respond that those were not part of the requirements and this would be scope creep to the project. I will be discussing topics covering all aspects of the Supply chain (particularly Procurement) fuctions, Change Managment ideas and theories and IT software solutions (General focus being ERPSystems such as INFOR M3)For business needs. should be limited and justified before solicitation. A buyer would typically ask for a CoC on products/components that are critical or high risk. and to invite maximum reasonable competition. Thanks! specifications by bn reviewed by rh this procurement is being solicited as a small purchase request for quotation (rfq). Finally, the testing policy and procedure should identify and define the actions of the organization(s) responsible for conducting the tests, handling disputes, and issuing certificates (or brands) of validation. It will include: Finding examples on the internet is easy. (IUT) is the object that is being tested for conformance. situations when the use of this specification is our only compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. What steps lead conformance to specification? Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. The other approach adopts the weaker overall requirement that, while extensions are allowed, an implementation must perform all the functionality in the specifications exactly as specified. The test procedures define the administrative as well as the technical process for testing an implementation. %PDF-1.2 Developers/Customers often complain that Scope Creep occurred during a project. 0000003961 00000 n Since the purposes for Lets take an example. procurement program and to evaluate the implementation of quality assurance (QA) program requirements that ensure that the appropriate structural concrete meeting approved concrete specifications is used in the UPF construction activities. However, This safe guard protects both the Buyer and the Customer (internal or external). Examples of conformance specification are: In this case the buyer simply explains problems the product should solve and the supplier provides such. The other group call for ready-made, off-the-shelf commercial The conformance clause may specify sets of functions, which may take the form of profiles, levels, or other structures. approval for the product offered before bid opening. When does a buyer ask the supplier for a CoC? The conformance clause identifies what must conform and how products, others may simply require that brands be tested under A specification is often a type of technical standard. Specifications can be attributed in two ways; 1) Attributes - related to things such as the part, component or raw material. Environment working temperature is between 15C 40C. products of a particular manufacturer as having the 0000005716 00000 n DOM Test Suite - NIST has developed a comprehensive set of tests that will check for compliance with the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Recommendation. Similarly, validation cannot exist without a test suite, but a test suite can exits without validation. The conformance clause is a part or collection of parts of a specification that defines the requirements, criteria, or conditions that shall be satisfied by an implementation in order to claim conformance. This is the official blog of Sofeast.com. 2) Actions - related to things such as functions, processes,. Here is one example. Get in touch with me and I will give you a tailored recommendation or quotation. In essence this is less rigid than conformance specification. In the marketplace, conformance test suites and consequently conformance testing provides a vehicle for exchanging information between buyer and seller. There must be sufficient basis to determine that these brand-name specifications has the effect of limiting the bidding How do you know that the software conforms? Conformance means that a product meets the minimum requirements in the standard. for different products. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Ideally, we would like to be able to prove beyond any doubt that an implementation is correct, consistent, and complete with respect to its specification. Certificate of Conformity, According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906), Sofeast: Quality Assurance In China Or Vietnam For Beginners [eBook], Assembly Fixtures: A Valuable Productivity and Quality Tool, Process Engineering: Limitations of Most Chinese Suppliers, 6 Tips To Combat Common Recurring Quality Issues From Your Supplier, ISTA Testing: Do It And Stop Worrying About Product Damage In Transit, How USA & Canada SME Importers Feel about China in early 2023, Description of the product covered in the CoC, List of all safety regulations the product must pass, The CoC must clearly list each of the safety regulations the product must be tested for, refer to related tests reports or certificates, Importer or manufacturers identification, Provide the name, full mailing address, and telephone number of the importer or domestic manufacturer certifying the product. In essence, specifications are about communication and the exchange of information between the Customer, the designer, the contractor and all stakeholders in the project. It is important to note that certification cannot exist without validation, but validation can exist without certification. 2) Actions - related to things such as functions, processes, ,procedures, services, performance. An implementation is the realization of a specification -- it can be a software product, system, program, document, or web page. The CoC is sometimes called Certificate of Conformance or Certificate of Compliance. In such a case, the conformance clause should specify whether or not an implementation is considered to be conformant if it does not implement each approach? Additional information about these test suites and the W3C Recommendations are available from: NIST http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html, OASIS http://www.oasis-open.org/committees. controlled conditions and assessments made of their performance It is generally inspected during customs clearance if the product being imported requires it. Accompanying the actual test files is an XML test description file that contains pertinent information for each of the tests included in the distribution. Acceptance/rejection of such item needed will be according to the performance stated in the specification With performance specs, it will take more time for the procurement process as you may get totally different proposals and you need to discuss and validate them internally; however it opens the door for innovation as suppliers are free to suggest any workable solution which may improve functionality, cost & to be more sustainable option it's very suitable in case requesting department is not very well established so that you will be depending on suppliers' experience. It is also possible that implementations may not be able to implement all the features. This is usually in a conformance clause or conformance statement, but sometimes some of the criteria can be found in the body of the specification. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Deviation in delivery period shall be considered if such deviation is reasonable.6.1. They rely on self-assessment by the implementer (1st party testing) and acceptance testing by buyers. Dr. W. Edwards Deming is often linked with approaches to improvement that carry labels such as TQM, Six Sigma, and Lean. Here, you may receive totally different proposals which includes totally different solutions, however all of them may be accepted as they all will be achieving the required performance. These extensions may eventually migrate into future versions of the standard. What are the types of specification in procurement? 0000002465 00000 n When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Tip - Never design and make a product if there is an 'off-the-shelf' part available. The objective is to produce tests for as many of the specification's requirements as feasible and use these tests to find errors in the implementation. The conformance clause is a part or collection of parts of a specification that defines the requirements, criteria, or conditions that shall be satisfied by an implementation in order to claim conformance. More recently with the advent of the Internet and rapidly changing information technology, the notion of conformance testing has become less formal allowing developers and users to assess for themselves the validity or correctness of the software or data with respect to the relevant specification. Performance responsibilities focus on strategy, value creation and resource utilization whereas conformance responsibilities focus on providing assurance to stakeholders that the organization . activity involved in developing specifications for items Reference method tests and PEMS drift tests are conducted to determine conformance of the PEMS with the specification. quotation request An airline buys fan blades for their planes engines. of function and cost. 1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and supply of bare overhead transmission line conductors. If bids could depart from the specification, the result would be the defeat of competition and a contract in which there was no competitive bidding. bidders offering products other than specified obtain Validation with certification is often used as a prerequisite for procurement. Determining whether a product faithfully implements a standard or specification is essential to creating robust, interoperable solutions. What are the types of specifications when contracting? The buyer uses the results of the testing to verify that a seller provides a product that conforms to the specification and meet procurement requirements. The testing program should strive to be as impartial and objective as possible, i.e., to remove subjectivity of both the procedures and the testing tools. 5. The XSLT test suite will allow users to customize the test suite to filter out optional category tests. Each test should be traceable back to a statement or statements in the specification. Conformance and Performance Specifications 1. This nesting continues until level n, which consists of the entire specification. Typically, the sponsor establishes and maintains the program. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) are addressing XML-related interoperability issues by jointly developing test suites that are intended to complement the W3C Recommendations. 1. These requirements are specified in a standard or specification as either part of a conformance clause or in the body of the specification. QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST (QPL): A This is costly because much work may have already been done which did not take into consideration and may exclude meeting the later requirements. Official websites use .gov Here's why. 4M%m8Kxq@D0P- E62e(S4O#?s3,!Ms%iTZa5 @!.MOzNRU!+9nI For any . used to establish the QPL and indicate steps to be taken to a single product and is the most restrictive kind of a specification should be written to encourage, not discourage, Who does the testing? A lock ( is characteristic of construction or personal services contracts. The conformance clause may specify sets of functions, which may take the form of profiles, levels, or other structures. Once the item is delivered the specification can be used to compare the delivered item to what was ordered. This is called strict conformance. Using this set of TAs, a set of tests that will exercise each of the requirements is developed. Conformance is usually defined as testing to see if an implementation faithfully meets the requirements of a standard or specification. specifications must submit complete specifications with 1.2 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide proof of conformance with any or all requirements of this specification. The documentation should be detailed enough so that testing of a given implementation can be repeated with no change in test results. Conformance Clause Every specification SHALL contain a conformance clause. ^O{f 0jlrG11lgjcBR8LLQ4Ms7Irl;%oOA?CECpd@{m1MS]81W_4;O,Wmw@:5(h1f up/}u,2 Et8ALC%Z7 #fc[,:RC oA_"IFWS.fL' rx0!% ^r2;u,{0rd@Ty !A34AEnKZX+1 n/o service that ill satisfy a particular need at an economical cost specifications; performance specifications; and the Qualified It may also be called a certificate of conformance or certificate of conformity.. The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product being imported meets the required standard(s). The success here will obviously depend on how you frame your specifications. Conformance testing provides software developers and users assurance and confidence that the conforming product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or possesses a prescribed interface or format. And just as important, why is this important? Quality of conformance is the ability of a product, service, or process to meet its design specifications. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. QualityInspection.org does not present this information as a basis for you to make decisions, and we do not accept any liability if you do so. Additionally, the documentation should be detailed enough so that testing of a given implementation can be repeated with no change in test results. These will be cheaper, more reliable and easier to source. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS For NIST's participation in XML/DOM conformance testing, see "XML-Based Technologies. The responsible party has the option to use the certification procedure in place of the SDoC procedure. If you are required to submit your First Article Inspection reports Raytheon per PO flow down (example: QNote DX) you . the sealed bidding terminology as used throughout these specifications is synonymous with their negotiated procurement counterpart unless specifically stated otherwise. goods or service must perform. It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. 1.3 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide, a 0000066460 00000 n This board should be a body of impartial experts. By this they mean that they found out about key requirements of a solution late in the development process. this sense means that the specification concentrates on how the The following are illustrative examples. PFi@("$0 (JDbyHA': F$%BIPAl4FP'aFYlO2f)m8c4&3 o7q$e9(#yd: A testing program cannot exist without a test tool or test suite, but a test tool/suite can exist without a testing program. products are equal and this basis must be predicated upon In contrast to the design approach, How many times have you looked at this afore mentioned specification and instantly picked holes in the acheivabilty of the desired outcome? The problem here however is the chance that the person who raised the requisition may well change their mind or refine the specification as quotes begin to arrive. establish a QPL must list the products that have been tests or other criteria for comparing, examining and approving Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, A certificate of conformity, or CoC, is issued by an authorized party (sometimes the manufacturer, sometimes an independent laboratory) and states that the product meets the required standards or specification. ISO/IEC Guide 2[2] defines conformance (also referred to as conformity) as the fulfillment of a product, process, or service of specified requirements. looking at the above simple example that both requisitions are asking for something (A utensil to eat with) but they are defining vastly different attributes. A locked padlock With any standard or specification, eventually the discussion turns to "how will we know if an implementation or application conforms to our standard or specification?" Tip - The purchase specification is to allow purchasing to seek competitive quotations by forwarding the purchase specification to prospective suppliers. It should be possible to know where the Specification originated. This button displays the currently selected search type. all necessary drawings, dimensions, terms, and 0000066380 00000 n Product List (QPL). How To Manufacture A Product In China (without losing your shirt)? Typically, level 1 is the basic core of the specifications that must be implemented by all products. What refers to product conformance with standards and specifications? Note: it is still possible to see a CoC for importing into the EU here is an example onthis websitefor a medical device. Do you face challenges of getting required specifications while creating Tender/RFQ package? Give examples of performance specification. Give examples of conformance specification. Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: What are the types of specification in procurement? Vendors should be provided the described fully to include thickness, size, color, etc. Its use is called for where a structure or 0000004956 00000 n When validation is coupled with certification, successful completion of conformance testing results in the issuance of a certificate (or brand) indicating that the implementation conforms to the appropriate specification. Each TA should be as simple as possible and narrowly focused on an atomic (simple) functionality, must not contradict another TA, and must have some testable consequence. [1] Gartner Group, a Stamford, CT based consulting company, [2] ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996, Standardization and Related Activities General Vocabulary, Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, Created September 8, 2010, Updated August 25, 2016, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP). 0000002922 00000 n It, in turn, refers to other parts of the specification for details. Examples of conformance specification are: Engineering drawing A chemical formula Model name, number or brand etc number of ways. What is the definition of quality of conformance? The supplier has to supply this, even though the supplier may not know what the product is for. requirements. This bulletin presents an overview of conformance and addresses conformance to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendations for the Extensible Markup Language (XML) family of specifications. In recent years, the term conformity has gained international use and has generally replaced the term conformance in ISO documents. Furthermore, what is a conformance specification? The decision to issue a certificate is based on the testing results and established criteria for issuing certificates. This makes the purchasing process inefficient. stream or other required characteristics should be clearly and more interested in what a product does. The advantages afforded by testing (and certification) are fairly obvious: quality products, interoperability, and competitive markets with more choices. 9 What are the types of specifications when contracting? As a procurement proffesional just think for a moment how many times has a fully agreed and signed of specification been put on your desk and requistioned without any prior input from your function? 4. 4. Development of the test suite may well be the costliest part of the conformance program. 0000005022 00000 n requires something unique, to be custom made or custom built, as By definition, a It is the most traditional kind of Procurements primary role of taking a business requirement (specification) finding a supplier/suppliers , negotiating a deal and then ordering the item is all hinged on that first step! The Java test suite contains over 200 tests and covers the fundamental and extended interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation. Requirements Work that matches what was requested in requirements. If you do not use a third party laboratory, you may label this section N/A. If the mattresses being certified are for cribs or childrens size mattresses, please see the requirements for issuing a CPC.
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